Mtg 17/24: Tue-15-Mar-2022

Outline for Today

Administration

Media

Transcript

Zoom Audio Transcript

  • checklist this time. And it's not time to. Two minutes. Good morning, people in zoom. morning people in class. here. little bit. your attendance. questions. Silence for the blog was due on Friday and then proposal to resubmit. yesterday. That goes smoothly. So for the. Top of the markers tomorrow and we'll figure this out, but. By the end of next week. So we'll say we'll. Be back next week. So remember the idea was if you posted your blog entry. blog. be asked to Assad to repeat the. One before I don't remember. yeah fall asleep. To the here, the first. One after. The.
  • First, one.
  • Many people everybody share them in the last block, so I might have to. send me some files. You that.
  • Okay.
  • it's looking at sin. That was pretty clear.
  • Actually it's not clearly visible from the camera if you if you can adjust a little to the right.
  • turn up, I can try again, please.
  • just said that if you can move the camera to the little right, so that we can see on the right side.
  • To. The blog assignments. So we talked last day of both. So, meaning, you can click on the submit button. But. If you don't click on submit button. Then. If you don't click on this button before it's due date. it's fine to. not go back and click on. Because drafts can be marked this can be seen in your course. So I got a comment or two about that. That. Really forgot a cement, and this was late mark late. So i'm not sure if there's a better way to. specify specified. method of submitting assignments, and your horses. far as I know, that's just the feature that your course has that it's not straightforward in that respect. So we'll try and. be mindful of that. and So the issue so we'll try and. don't want to get anyone caught in that so trying to deal with it in working so you don't get penalized for getting the submit button late. Anyone here. That situation or. Or maybe not this time, but other times you've had to click submit and didn't click snip. And he went back and did it and then. realized submission is mark late. Anyone have that happen personal experience.
  • yeah i've had that happen, a few times actually.
  • let's read all these. years later, one day, or something you know. Some kinds of things.
  • Because there.
  • are a few of you i'm sure. yeah so. My feeling is it's not a very humane and. So this is a couple days already. started with you. purpose and updates. So is that more up more developments, you heard about. So I like to take some time. Maybe we can do this in recovery it's. Like. A little discussion about whether. that's an acceptable thing for them to do. Okay, so I see some comments in the chat. About submission So if you want to come to my zoom office hour 310 and noon. I can address those look into those with you. Okay. So enough context, to have a discussion. Alright, so let's do. People here. So i'm going to create six breakout rooms today not 12 so you can. If you're in group seven to cloud, you can. And if you want to join in zoom. So seven and one can go together two and eight go together three and nine put together and four and 10 and five. And 11 and six and 12. me. For. So say 10 minutes from now. Okay together again so. If you're logged into zoom and you can. You can choose to interact with your group on zoom or you can. get together with students in classes, such as well. i'll leave that to you. Okay, so we'll get back in a few minutes for discussion was this. well. I used to. Do it online class. Patient starts. Honest so in every. Day. that's, not to say. That so. Everybody should be finished on the time. versus charter yeah we get that extra. Another. double check so. I. Just are you creating. So this is.
  • This is the.
  • conviction. Their services. So trying to create a.
  • chance to.
  • not fight it's not exciting pictures. And I am getting me. Okay. Yes, because there's other sensors that will hopefully be lighter. savory side. Especially when load, for instance I tend to go. Even if the race itself this person that fateful back to me just once it gets tied up with certain. access. To them it's right along with the strangeness funding or the people. become your pain, no pressure Panel for back features evolve, it sounds okay very. General he thought he was being. Asked because. The way. relax. relax. Let me see. Things work so. Two things for me. Actually. sharp. Sorry. It should be left to. Just.
  • Watch.
  • To sites. As a. manager. I tried to. cheat on his responses. Trying to. say. Something.
  • Like.
  • trying to get to say. I know the last time. I know they were. never able to access it via a saint out. yeah. More people will be seated message yeah. Just.
  • one.
  • Specific. scenario. it's.
  • Like.
  • Well it's gone very quiet in here.
  • we've talked about.
  • So. discussion. So as to get the question of whether. Men did a good thing by relaxing their filters against hate to catch hate speech. Why.
  • So is it basically like. According to this news post i'm reading it's it's basically they did it to protect people's rights to speech as an expression of self Defense in reaction to a military invasion of their country.
  • used to think they did it for good or bad reasons, in that they more than likely just did it because a lot of people. Are despising what Russia and doing and they're doing it for monetary monetary gains, because a lot of people want to say something like this, I want to be angry with the medium if they couldn't.
  • I also read a. read a Russian article that Russia band instagram and Facebook, because the allowed this. Information to go through apparently Russians are feeding propaganda information to the Russian populates but this could kind of enlighten them about what is actually going they don't call it a war didn't see military operation.
  • Okay, so because we're hybrid. let's try it you're in zoom raise your hand raise your hand icon. which you can. Get from. Oh, where did it go. reactions. There should be a button, either on somewhere in your screen that says reactions. And then you can do the raise hand.
  • Okay.
  • Thank you i'm going to call on the person in class here. First, and i'll get back to you. Get economy, plus the same thing goes failure was due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and that's why they. started allowing this speech to the system, the brain that. Better express themselves. As well as others.
  • yeah I think it's more of a marketing move because most of the time companies don't take a political position, but in this conflict, you see, most company. Trying to support Ukraine and lately Meta has been suffering a lot financially, so I think they're trying to make like a sharp marketing campaign, or something like that. interesting.
  • sitting. let's. Say no perversities bad. They want to bolster the Russian case, so they. The Russians and have a reason to say that the West is out, to get them. Anything else come to mind. zoom. Cory. Go ahead.
  • So.
  • i'm a little different from most people here seems i'm i'm more of a freedom of speech absolutist I think you should be able to say whatever you want, including the bad and then bad speech should be shut down by good speech. However, on this one, at the same time I don't think that calls to action calls to arming people should ever be allowed like direct calls for violence, I am against that always. And so I just I don't think that that should ever be allowed, regardless of whatever war situation and whatever were awful things Putin is doing, because. what's the best way. If you look back at the beginning of coronavirus when it was spreading out with China, being the root cause of it, there was a lot of hate towards the Chinese people and there still is because of this, and I think that. By allowing hatred towards Russia that will move further just on to the Russian people, whether they are good or bad. And not just don't think that's a good idea.
  • yeah So there are a couple times to make there, so they were instagram is clear about. Still filtering.
  • The.
  • Clear, but still filtering cause violence. and
  • slogans.
  • corey. captured and. Just to what you were saying.
  • yeah.
  • anyone else any other any other thoughts about this. yeah yeah I think about instagram or any other social media platform our platform should not be allowed to do that because I believe that the primary responsibility of any platform like this would be to. spread information on it from an unbiased point of view. If there are. Threats to any any political figure, other than but the, this would not have been acceptable. shouldn't be similarly we can consider if there is a group of people who would spread here means against the Ukrainian president or Prime Minister this wouldn't be acceptable as well.
  • trends.
  • Here or. With your idea. And yeah, so I think it's complete from a business point of view, this data to render the nonprofit on this things is a good idea for them, because. Most of the initiatives are not in the favor of war, so they are they going to be gradients by giving them freedom of speech and most of the chef's can also use this so there, there are abuse it is going to be like increased so. Okay i'm not sure I caught all that so from so what i'm what i'm trying to say is linking sugar, especially used. To like status message that the readers so most of the brain scan to use it right because they're not in favor of more and most of the last chance to do that on it that they were on board so. Basically they're using this social media platform as to spread his message so it's like they were burning sugar. So, is that a little bit more, like the previous thought about this is kind of a marketing effort.
  • But considering this as a marketing tactic, there is another point to consider is with Russia, imposing a nationwide ban on instagram so instagram is technically instagram will have. 80 million plus users. who are unable to use instagram right.
  • yeah that's right.
  • So.I.
  • don't think these companies are. Banning they're rushing usage be out of the goodness of their hearts they're doing it because the SWIFT bank account was closed, they have no way to get money out of that country.
  • Related to this discussion. So here on the right hand side there's a summary. I thought I was sharing my desktop. Oh, because there's such a whiteboard. Thank you. So, in terms of general ethical principles we should contribute to society and human well being acknowledging that all people are stakeholders in computing. avoid arm be honest and trustworthy. Be fair to take and take action, not to discriminate. respect the work required to produce new ideas inventions creative works and computing artifacts respect privacy honor confidentiality. strive to achieve high quality in both the processes and products of professional work. maintain high standards of professional competence conduct an ethical practice. Know annex and respect existing rules pertaining to professional work. Except and provide appropriate professional review give comprehensive and thorough evaluations of computer systems and their impacts, including analysis of possible risks. For work only in areas of competence posture public awareness and understanding of computing related technologies and their consequences. Access competing and communication resources, only one authorized or when compelled by the public good. design and implement systems that are robust the usable robustly and easily secure. Ensure that the public good, as a central concern during all professional computing work. Or take QA and encourage acceptance of Bennett evaluate fulfillment of social responsibilities by members of the organization or group. manager personnel resources to enhance the quality working life. articulate apply and support policies and processes that reflect the principles of the code. create opportunities for members of the organization or group to grow and to grow as professionals. he's carried modifying are retiring systems recognize and take special care systems that become integrated into the infrastructure of society. That 3.7 is a big one isn't it. So how much should be. Imagine if we didn't have access. Just the thing going out. Okay. So I see Korea as a stand up, do you have a comment or is that from before.
  • Before sorry.
  • Sorry. I think there's no issue there web page here. treat violations the Code as.
  • Well, see what.
  • Oh, not too bad people iterations of the code is inconsistent with membership a beast in the acm. So. The principles described in the code of ethics does that relate to our. How can we. Look at the code of ethics and. Does it. Does it help us to make decisions about. Whether whether they're allowing destiny invaders. To be available on the platform.
  • yeah.
  • So do you want to expand. sure. Considering how much of an impact that social media platforms can have. Society. Computer professionals needs to be aware that how they change these social media platforms that helped can have far reaching impact. This example at removing some filters for different kinds of speech. allow certain groups make different messages some hateful some nonsense Porsche some medical statements favor of one. nation or another and. This is the important to always be aware of it, to keep in mind and understand.
  • Okay.
  • So this reminds me of another story that I heard, I think it was on CNN. This retired astronauts who got into a Twitter fight with. Their souls from the Russian Space Agency. retired astronaut seem to indicate, as I recall, you seem to indicate that. The American astronaut on the international space station with. Two Russian cosmonauts. Nina got back to us worried about. The astronaut getting home safely. and Russian. And not very kind words. search, which I can understand. But thinking about the public good. And the astronaut, the American astronaut, who started. conversation on Twitter. said that the international space station was this out or something that. was very important to maintain because no matter what's going on. on earth. There is still the cooperation. Of the national space station and we didn't want to lose that. So is the public graded. it's very much for the public good. synonymous with. Taking the higher ground and. So there are a couple other stories that I found interesting or. So there's your report about testimony related to the. grace you agree.
  • It couldn't see.
  • The desperate. sorry about crypto currency donations to convey to convoy protests can still be traced there's testimony in front of committee committee reviewing the invocation of the emergency APP. and Talking about. Whether. People who are using Canadian cryptocurrency providers. can be tracked. And they can track. Funds from different from those walls these. was interesting I thought. So this is an interesting question about. Free speech. Perhaps there is this from the states. The assistant principal of the school is fired for reading a kids book called I need a new black. In here about that. So the kids like that the parents. Were fine with that, but the school administrator. So that was a very. serious breach of JET. It was a very important your example of very poor judgment on the bathroom the teacher and so he was asked to resign. And now he's. Trying to. figure out how to. defend themselves. And so, also investing in the digital digital real estate could pay off, but the metaverse is a highly risky uncharted landscape. So there's Taiwan, a restaurant owner and much at all wants to create a. Virtual version of his establishment and reverse.
  • I.
  • heard you earlier story about celebrities buying up. Virtual real estate. as well, so this. seems like a little bit that was done in second life. I never thought much. Anyone heard of second life before. i'll see if I can find a link to that. And then also. A 12 year old gamer from Halifax and. A black belt in your coding from code dinges. is only the second one and candy do that. So. All those links on the web page. Any questions or concerns. So. Think about. Our computer professionals call to act. Guided by the cm code of ethics. will explore. Okay. Thank you very much for today. Both. in person and. On zoom. Have a good day take care and see you on Thursday. hunter Smith. Thank you very much. A long time last time so. it's a two years. Since college. today's. boys yeah. scheme for many, many years and. enjoy. The sunshine. into their once you let go to the kiska. Closer to my house or my God. bless Calgary. Happy hour. Thanks.
  • Pretty.
  • Sure, you were expecting like should be writing more I think if they. want you. Generally, see how well when you're critiquing. meets the rubric. So the rubric for the blog entry assignment. we've done a good job. constructor. The former too late.

Zoom Chat Transcript

  • Morning
  • Student password
  • That says due March 25
  • I have
  • yes
  • yea
  • yes
  • I have as well, I swear sometimes it doesn’t require double submit
  • In my submission, it says that I have an error with my submission, and I do not know how to figure this out.
  • If you’re having trouble with the submissions, come to Dr. Hepting’s Zoom office hours
  • Can anyone share password for today
  • ?
  • Dis we get any password for today’s class
  • 73wj06
  • they can so easily decide what hate speech gets out there worries me
  • For the Zoom participants, if you wish to speak, please raise your hand.
  • Two negatives don’t make a positive
  • it is NOT acceptable. West and allies have shown double standards, and this time they took it too far. Social media platforms should not be allowed to interfere in politics
  • social media allowing this stuff is the modern day propaganda
  • Of society
  • I just have a question before ending this class, when will you talk about the critique blog assignment?
  • At the bottom it says ‘and empathy’
  • yes
  • unfortunately, yes
  • Thank you!
  • thank you

Responses

The most important thing that I encountered:

  • The most important thing that I learned in the lecture today was that Instagram decided not to censor hate speech, such as death threats against the Russian invaders. It was definitely an interesting move on their part, possibly for marketing purposes. This is definitely an unacceptable move by a major social media platform because who's to say what can and cant be censored, if they let this go on where will they draw the line on other hate speech.
  • Being allowed to express yourself out in public is good but can sometimes go to far
  • Hate speech = bad
  • There are reasons both for and against censoring varying levels of hate-speech and we have to decide on an ethical approach to dealing with it
  • I did not know meta was removing filters from their platform so that people could freely express themselves over what is going on right now in the world. I do believe in freedom of speech and that everyone should be able to be vocal about how they feel but I do not believe that these platforms should be giving a people a stage to be hateful and hurtful towards others. Which leads me to believe that this is a marketing stunt to stay relevant and keep people supporting them.
  • today we talked about an Impact of "Hate Speech". I believe the social media is fueling heat speech for good and bad reason, however it is our responsible especially as a computer professional how we handle it.
  • Social media is a important part of society, so they should take care to promote a higher standard of behaviour
  • Instagram relaxed filters on hate speech - “Death to the invaders” to show their stance on the Ukraine-Russia war. I think this is not acceptable because social media platforms have a primary responsibility to deliver information from an unbiased perspective and the computer professionals working for these platforms must act and stand up to obey the code of ethics. By following these codes of ethics, a computer professional can take a step towards the greater good and model ideal behaviour.
  • Today, we discussed the possible reasons why most applications are relaxing filters for hate speech. The elaborate discussion gave me a clear idea about why this scheme is globally acceptable. Firstly, it provides a medium for Ukrainian people to express their emotions, and secondly, it is just another marketing strategy for social media platforms.
  • Blog entry
  • Instagram, Facebook, and Tiktok are all US-owned social media platforms that discontinued their services in Russia. This was triggered by the new law that Russia enacted. Recently, Instagram has decided to relax its filters due to hate speech. They may have eliminated the means by which Ukrainians and others communicate their opinions about the war. Instagram did the correct thing, in my opinion, because it might lead to greater social media disputes.
  • Social media platforms can easily allow hate speech to a certain group of individuals
  • Today's class had some interesting topics of discussion. There was a discussion about how there is no such thing as bad publicity. The idea that no publicity can harm is open to question. Sometimes, bad publicity also benefits the company to which the publicity is done towards.
  • There is no clear or easy way to determine what is hate speech or what is correct online. For example, there's no clear answer to is it wrong of Meta to capitalize on the Ukraine conflict to get good PR by allowing their filters to be relaxed? It is a really complicated issue and one that has repercussion for any action, as it could be argued that Meta supports Russia had they not made that decision. There seems to be no correct answer.
  • Topic: Designing Interaction Interaction design is used in many computer fields such as websites and applications. Information can be effectively delivered or consumers' consumption can be promoted through appropriate interaction design between consumers and companies or information providers and those who need information. We learn human-computer interfaces and their analysis/evaluation in CS280. Through the books we choose, we can see how the web design interface works and how the seven sins of humans are
  • Meta allowing hate speech against Russian soldiers is a marketing move
  • While we were talking about how Instagram decided to relax filters for hate speech, I think its good for people in Ukraine to express themselves, but I think it is because of the toxic environment we've created in social media. Like, I get it. People have freedom of speech, but sometimes it goes too far. So I agree that social platforms should try to promote a higher standard of behaviour and possibly block the negativity?
  • Social media platforms hold a lot of influential power over people nowadays. The most important thing I learned today was related to the impacts of social media on our lives mainly our thinking and decision-making. Considering the impact of social media platforms, computer professionals should be well aware of the consequences of their actions, for example, Intagram deciding to relax its rules for hate speech in Ukraine.
  • Today we discussed about Instagrams decision to relax rules on hate speech and whether or not this is acceptable, I have learned about the ACM code of ethics, it expresses the conscience of professions, it contributes to the society and to human well-being, it avoids harm or negative consequences.
  • Instagrams decision to relax rules on hate speech is bad because hate speech would be promoted a lot and that is overall not good for the society as social media is a crucial part of our society. So basically I think relaxing the rules is a bad thing.
  • The
  • In Today's meeting we have discussed about Instagram decided to relax filters for hate speech temporarily for now and is it acceptable or not. Some believe no and some yes as it gives citizens of Ukraine a means to express themselves and many more reasons.
  • We discussed the importance of keeping a certain high level of standards on every available content on social media platform. We discussed both the positive side and the negative side of Instagram relaxing its hate speech rules. I disagree more with this kind of relaxation as it is a biased decision.
  • We are living in an age where technology is a part of everyone's life. Social media has a lot of power in swaying public opinion. How these social media sites are managed is very important.
  • Talked about the russia-ukraine war for a while in breakout rooms and discussed about Instagram's strategy on relaxing the filter of "Death to the invaders" and the different impacts of it on the people around the world. Also looked at the Avoid harm section of ACM Code of ethics and professional conduct for more details on how as a tech company they should keep these ethics in mind while making any changes.
  • In today's class we discussed in breakout room regarding Instagram's decision to relax rules on hate speech and whether or not this is acceptable.
  • Today we discussed Instagram's decision to relax its filters on hate speech, and that social media platforms are an important part of society, so they should take care to promote high standards of behavior
  • In todays class, professor talked about blogs and our submissions.
  • In todays meeting we discussed about how Instagram's decision to relax rules on hate speech and whether or not this is acceptable. We also discussed that hate speech is a good thing or not and Ukraine citizens should be given a means to express themselves. At the end we also discussed about some general ethics principles.
  • as long as it is not unethical, it is acceptable
  • The most important thing that I learned will be Code of ethics and Instagram decided to relax filters for hate speech . According to me this is not a great solution because social media became the media of propaganda and it will increase misinformation i think social media is should not interfere in geopolitics
  • I wasn't aware that Instagram allows hate speech directed towards Russia now
  • How hate speech can be a good and bad at the same time.
  • In todays class, we discussed Instagram’s decision to relax rules on hate speech and whether or not this is acceptable. Split into breakout rooms to discuss Topic is a “slippery slope”. If we allow direct calls for violence now what precedent does it set for future decisions? Where is the line? Gives Ukrainian citizens an opportunity to further express themselves at the expense of allowing hate speech.
  • That the ACM Code of Ethics can help guide computing professionals when determining their duties to act in certain situations. For example, if social media platforms are not held to account for some of their actions - is it up those in the industry to step up and act? In some scenarios, yes, they do have a duty to ensure that ethical actions are being taken.
  • The most important thing I have learned today that the big companies should not get involved in politics in sake of their benefits on the expense of the innocent people. Alos, it is not okay to META or Instagram to releases the filter and encourage people for hate speech. Also, it is so ironic that there are many wars arounds the world but their are not being reflected or shared on social media because there are no individual expensive from those wars. Also, the policies should imply on everyone.
  • With the rapid development of computer information networks, network security issues are becoming more and more prominent. If the risk of computer network security is too great, it will inevitably have a great impact on people's work, study and life.

The most difficult thing for me to understand:

  • The reasoning of instagram to relax rules on hate speech. Social media drives this type of extremism in order to gain more interactivity but this seems deceitful. Times of conflict should be when social media tries to bring people closer together not farther apart. At the same time, you can't blame every Russian for what's going on in Ukraine. That would be like blaming every asian person for the corona virus it's an action that is quite prejudice and ignorant of how the world functions on a global scale.
  • The response for the break out room question is mixed, so I'm not too sure what is the right answer. I think hate speech is not acceptable, but who decide what hate speech is? In my opinion, I think even if instagram relaxes filter on hate speech, i think they should give th

The thing about which I would most like to know more:

  • I would most like to know more about the ACM Code of Ethics - General Ethical Principles
  • In todays meeting we discuss about instagram taking action regarding hate speech on their application. They are trying to introduce a new filter to remove these hate content. Iwould like to know about that are these hate speeches acceptable on a platform like instagram. It is used by kids in very might quantty leaves a bad impact on them. I think they need to more strict about hate speech.
  • If instagram and other platforms are gaining money from certain hashtags and accounts that promote hate speech why do their guidlines say they don't indulge hate speech. Isn't that breaking consumers trust and a diservice to their platforms?
  • How much of the rules around allowed content on social media a product of political pressures? For example, Trump getting banned from twitter while leaders of other countries who say much worse things are still happily enjoying twitter.
  • Today we have discuss about hate speech is good or not. I want to discuss more about how social media take a important part of society and by changing their behavior they can bring high standard in society.
  • Today I learned about the ACM code of ethics. I learned that I can use it to analyze how ethical a technology change is. I plan on reading more of this so I can better understand some of the ethical implications of it.
  • When did Instagram get so political? It used to be a fun photo and video sharing platform and now its ruined with political statements. I would like to learn more about how social media platforms like facebook and instagram use politics to their advantage
  • I'd like to know more about how Instagram and other social media platforms analyze and categorize text and speech in terms of hate speech. This topic is related to sentiment analysis, which is another topic which I would love to learn more about and discuss about how this technology can affect how we interact with other people across these media platforms.
  • who sets the standard hate speech in the fi
  • I would like to know more about Instagram's decision to allow that specific phrase of hate speech and how it is being used on the platform. Is it being used as Instagram intended and allowing people to express their discontent with the situation or is it just causing innocent individual's to be targeted with this phrase?
  • I would like to know more about social media companies censoring speech because it can lead to dangerous results. I think it’s important to allow this speech so we can understand it and possibly change the opinion. When you censor it you lose that ability
  • Because Instagram modified their filtering algorithm/rules to allow for hate speech due to the war in Ukraine, what happens to all of those posts that are being allowed temporarily when/if Instagram goes back to their old filtering algorithm? Would those posts get flagged by their filter and remove them from the platform? As well, would the accounts who posted that get flagged/taken down due to violating Instagram's policy?
  • Is what the true reason behind Meta allowing the hate speech towards Russia on Instagram.
  • the thing i would most like to know more about would have to be the effect on people that censorship has had. The more censorship seems to happen the more divided and polarized the internet seems to become.
  • I don't know anymore.
  • We discussed about the blog assignment submission which was on last Friday as some have faced issue in 'submit' button. He also discussed about the Critique writing for blog entry which is due on March 25th. Then we had a class discussion which on Humane Interface: clicking submit or not on Ur courses when you are submitting your assignment. Then we also discussed about the Instagram which relaxed their hate filters. I would like to know more about the Humane Interface.
  • Western media is engaging in a full-scale propaganda war against Russia, like what we saw in video games, movies,... Social media platforms should not be allowed to interfere in politics. I believe what Instagram did is discrimination against Russian
  • The steps social media platforms will take to prevent hate speach against communities and individuals..
  • What is the role of technology in Ukraine and Russia war?
  • I would love to know more about practical implementation of analyzing things on the web and explore more about it . I would love to study the dark web which is has created controversy among many. I would also like to experience each and every aspect of the internet.
  • I would like to know more about what the responsibilities and ethics of computer specialists especially in how it affects different global issues such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
  • I always seem to find the discussions in regards to Ukraine and Russia to be pretty interesting.

Wiki

Link to the UR Courses wiki page for this meeting