Mtg 10/26: Thu-08-Feb-2024

Outline for Today

Intellectual Property

Administration

Response to Responses

Results from Last Meeting

These questions are still open until 3pm *Assignment details

Encryption

Today

Comparison of free and open-source licenses
Free software license
Public key encryption
What’s in a name? smart speaker or smart listener; deep fake or digital forgery

Summary

For Next Meeting

Wiki

Link to the UR Courses wiki page for this meeting

Media

Transcript

Audio Transcript

Okay okay How's everyone I'm good thanks for us
wondering how long winters back for my scores minus four Yes?
So we're continuing our discussion of last table
intellectual property and privacy
I didn't update the title or the theme for today with us
that's where we're at
so I wanted to say
formatting problem I didn't catch but I asked you two
questions and I posted them after I said I would lit it and
I said I would so I've made them open until three today so if you
want if you haven't contributed your response to these
questions, you can do it now
it's cold in here today
so we'll look at them a little bit later
so
So I wanted to talk a bit about the difficulty of material in
the podcast so I don't want to be insensitive
so I understand that some people can engage with that but if you
have an issue with it and you'd like to talk to me you can send
emails or horses
so
so do you think there are different populations of
journalists because the second one was like I don't know that
people are actually there's a big push to call it smart
listeners Alexa
the thoughts are that there is between deepfake and digital
forgery deep fakes even more innocuous?
Examples
I think that's the term that's being used also gas natural gas
the last one is Big
Data farming is
maybe a friendly term but data mining is necessarily an
unfriendly term.
So many people have an Alexa or similar
four or five ads I've saw so concerned that your personal
conversations are being transmitted Jeff Bezos
might do Google so not Jeff Bezos but i It's the minor
concern
so what are some concerns that are what concerns are relevant
or not practical in this era of easy digital forgeries so it's
not even that people have needed a great deal of skill to to
create digital forgeries. It's not necessarily about conceptual
imagery either to be exact where the podcast was the reporter who
was on stage and the people front and center technologies
reverse they got judged me say some nice things for the
journalist generate some attacks. ways that they might
impugn your character so what Andy said in spirit he had these
these in depth interviews with Mark Zuckerberg. But then we
have sidestepped well recently how to treat individual cancer
cancer relationships. And so it doesn't take much to find
images. Maybe some sound theories is the other person.
You get some audio, video and they
and then create some attack articles and tabloid style
headlines. Some images that will create the journalists
bloodhounds Mark Zuckerberg, and green Some argue that was taken
out of context. These are
So it's a burden on us security
so any thoughts about whether it's up to us to make sure that
we don't have material that's going to be used against us
Yes, I mean there's no way to really have any information back
against this like if you exist at all I mean, if you have to
speak that any syllable you say be turned into like basically
they can say whatever they want so
yeah, it's pretty difficult unless you want to stay stay in
your home and not be a public person
at all public then there's risk
so as computer professionals we can take that on to educate
people about the importance of a lot of reports so seeing as safe
as it has no contract with anyone but the risks that are
involved in this technology and it's important to leave some
these emerging threats any other comments.
This one is versus an all the questions that came up in
responses, but there was something about software
patents. So, here's the Wikipedia page about software
patents and it's highlighting a debate about software patents.
So it's not a settled question.
So they said they're not granted for code that does something
that people could do with paper and pen.
So it's not just about the code which is an expression of an
algorithm because recipes for example you might think software
is like recipes you can patent recipes so it's talking about
realization of the code in an environment with the hardware
and so forth
so, any feelings about whether software patents are a good
thing
anyone right hoped to write have get a patent on a piece of
software
anyone hoped to get have a startup with commercialize and
commercialize some intellectual property
called the junior college campus cultivated by Connexus that's a
startup incubator.
He's
just had a fifth birthday so we've had a number of companies
proceed through their programs
so include us blog post talks
a little bit about little more detail about software patents
so it's three o'clock now. So anyone here still good to
respond to the questions
okay so the questions were
okay, so, first question is two or three parts for the
professional skill assessment
so, let's 6040 for two parts compared to three parts so well
will keep it in two parts would you prefer to have the first
part due before the break or after the break so 80% went
after the break
and then the question was would you like the infographic
assignment broken into two or three parts the due date for the
last part is April 8 So 6040 again for two parts so we'll do
that
and higher desire to have it after the break
okay
so, that information on any discussion about that question
so, essentially having the second part due on
You Evening so how about
2626
Right results are so many people have signed up for membership
doing that may concern some people rather than a yet an
objection to doing it just want to address the concerns about it
okay so this means that we'll have deliverables and 72 weeks
after the break okay
so given this I'll I'll have the details of the assignments and
the breakdown between the first and second arts sorted out and
we can review them if there any questions on Tuesday.
Okay
so I'd ask a question on encryption
so are you aware of available encryption tools available to
you for protecting your personal devices?
So 60% said yes. 40% said no. And somebody said, maybe you're
aware of some of them, but not all of them.
So what are some popular tools? Those of you who are using them,
but I didn't actually ask if you're using them
anyone likes to chime in with some tools that are being used
or that are well known
you anyone
okay
okay so regarding Password Manager 60% said yes three 4%
said no and few people selected what is the password manager so
what are some popular some password managers that are being
used?
Use LastPass
one password
this is the one recommended by Information Services yeah one
person anyone else so I've seen so it doesn't use the cloud
right it's just on your device
I was just gonna say I use the password manager a bit Warden
so are you I once used LastPass now he's one password and I got
a thumbs up from a colleague who's a security analyst for
using one password so I'm feeling better and
yes, I use em secure
so the advantage of using a password manager is you can have
difficult to guess passwords 20 characters long that you don't
have to remember
keep up with you all the time
anyway okay
he's encryption on any of these devices so 22% said yes for
desktop 60% for laptop 64% for phone and other was 24%
Do you use encryption on your electronic communications were
340 3% said yes 33% said no and 22% are not sure because there
are different claims that can be made and if everyone else is
using something then it's
but it's fine to just go with the flow I guess our prime
concern and lots of other issues related to choose a
communication platforms.
So I thought this is a nice diagram to illustrate public key
encryption so that's so it's called asymmetric keys.
So, initially, encryption was done with symmetric keys, so any
comments so we had to have both the same keys to encrypt and
decrypt messages. So they might have been delivered by trusted
courier might have a book of thieves or glittery black dress
courier certain name
and occasional transparent security that you could operate.
And messaging secret
was a that was a big it's a big ask to be able to transmit the
key security. So these asymmetric keys involve
transmitting information on a public channel. So each other so
if we're talking between two people to communicate with you
two people, we have a secret each person can have a secret
but then they have a shared public key. So Alice and Bob
agree on a public shared key to us. And each have a secret so
their keys look different So they take this shared the public
key and combine it with their own secret key to come up with a
new key that they can share with each other
so the way the math works is that these are
the keys that result from the secret key and the public key
can be transmitted over the open channel and once transmitted key
combines with the secret key of the other person they get the
new secret so we don't have to
we can we don't have to worry about
keeping many things secret here you don't have to keep this
public key secret you just have to at least maintain our own
secrets we don't have to communicate these to the other
person
so it's important that it not be too easy to guess what the keys
with these capital A and capital B keys are at this stage so
the final shared secret key is not is not easily discovered
here's the same idea with paint colors.
So there's many licenses to choose from. So if we're going
back to the blood show property protection
one way to do this is a license to protect things in an open way
so they keep remain open
Mr choose a license
there's quite a long list of of licenses here.
A simpler list
You I was looking for a link there we'll look we'll I'll get
to it in a minute
so here are a number of choices for licensing so we can put
things into the public domain so it's not really a license so
much as its granting says that the work is part of the public
domain so Creative Commons zero is one of those things one of
the ways to do that
your permission license
so it just gives it lets people do what they want to do with the
software copy left is that
means that you you can make changes to the software but you
need to publish you need to share your changes as well so
it's protected against proprietary isation of the
software. So those three or three versions are options for
free software.
So you might have a non commercial license to grant
rights for non commercial use. So an option is Creative Commons
by and see the pie is refers to attribution seated saying who
wrote it and then C says you're not allowing any
commercialization of the results.
Who's heard of Creative Commons before?
So is a proprietary license traditionally used for copyright
no rights need to be granted. Something's a trade secret that
no information is made public.
So first software's Some examples are
public domain and CC zero
for a permissive license MIT and Apache
and for copyleft protection of GPL and a GPL versions of the
GNU public license
so, is anyone writing writing software and putting out an open
license on it?
So, the last line is for other creative works aside from
software so, we can say Creative Commons by Creative Commons BY
Shara lake or Creative Commons BY which means a attribution of
who created it and see is not commercial
So, now that we have group set up inside of your perception
so, here are the questions my soccer fans Vic Thank you prefer
direct Salford proprietary or open license license which
license we use sense
okay so no that doesn't make sense afterwards okay so once
you get into groups and having a professional battle
with as a surgeon
night last time we talked about this The
most efficient data structure
up following
connection
right Right evening right Right so moving
on morning you actually
actually asked
it are First
you gotta make sure the sponsor was
actually paid so as often as you want it leaders in the
organization so all like
the same can't say anything
at all there yeah so how are the discussions going anything you'd
like to share
yeah theoretically companies shouldn't own copyrights
a person we've recovered yet
so we saw Derek So your question is Which consequences
February 22
doesn't have to be
if they ask you to ask for it there's always going to be
yeah last there's going to be one soul search says the sorting
is going to be sorted
looking for groups for stalking to figure
out so say And when you submit the first part of the
infographic assignment March you have the urge to set up the
topic take some time to think about
the discussion
Okay, yes. My
question is are the assignments were a group of four people
what's the maximum IQ for the group as far as I can
so it's not Yeah, so that's for the infographic design
assignments this one's about two parts. So the professional self
assessments individual assignment
is there a layout of what we have done for like is there like
a real depth to it like like halfway done already just like
how the idea into graphics is was just
another graphic
so if you have never shut up the trading course
Okay, thanks for today have a good weekend. See you Tuesday
right.
Up morning
Up morning

Responses

What important concept or perspective did you encounter today?

I learnt about encryption today.
About open source software
the concept of software license
The status of software being kinda in the grey area of patent. Software is such a complex creation and that the extent to which software can be eligible for patent is difficult to determine.
Key Encryption
we learnt about free open software topic.
I encountered concept of software patents in today's class
Open source license, deep fakes, digital frogery
Different types of license
Digital forgery was one of the important concept I have encountered.
Software patent
Got to know about different kind of password managers such as 1 password and also about differences between the policies of each country that regulates software patents.
Best password encryption options
digital forger
Concerns of digital forgery
Comparison of free and open-source software licenses, etc..
A software patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their software-related creations, like computer programs or algorithms, usually for 20 years, in exchange for disclosing the details of their invention. However, the criteria for obtaining software patents differ across countries and regional offices, especially regarding computer-implemented innovations such as business methods.
I learned from the podcast that whenever we design/create something, we should always think that we are designing it for the most vulnerable person and how we could use our skills to aid those that are less fortunate.
Digital forgery
Today, I encountered the idea of copylefting, a concept I didn't even know existed. I find it interesting that people are allowed to make changes to another person's work so long as they publish it.
During discussions, we questioned why open source would ever be an option when everyone building their projects would want to retain their rights to it as well. However, I understand it as sharing. Giving people the base to contribute and create something of their own. However, why would anyone allow others to modify and claim something that originally came from them. The idea to retain ownership and taking in feedback to change things sounds lot better as a customer. I want something readymade.
open source licences
Software patents can be viewed as a positive result from an individuals perspective, or a negative result from society's perspective. I was not aware that software patents needed philosophical inquiry in this way.
The podcast of deepfakes
nothing
digital forgery and image-based sexual abuse with ai generated art involving people (ex deepfake porn)
Risks with Pornography
Software patents
Patents of software
Free software license, comparison of free and open source licenses
Digital Forgery
I learnt about free-software licenses and the different kinds. I also learnt about public key encryption
Today I encountered the concepts of deep fakes and image based sexual abuse, which I didn't realize how common they were.
An important perspective that I encountered today and yesterday in the podcast was the concept of digital forgery and how alarming it can be to all kinds of people espeically females who can have their image tarnished by something they did not even do. I believe that as computing professionals it is our responsibility to determine what people should be able to create online and ties into the debate of should everyone have access to AI (something that people don't know how it works).
Software patents
Software patent
the concepts were all interesting
foss licences
Free and open source license, software patent, public key encryption
deep fake and digital fogery
The most most important concept I learned was about public key encryption and how it is useful and good for world
Issues regarding software patents
An important idea that was talked about today was Software Licenses. In my opinion, I feel Copyright laws are a little bit over the top. Not just in the software world but an everyday life situation. For example: I wanted to make a custom sweater which Ive always wanted but there were a few rules that I had to follow. I could not but anything that was licensed: words, pictures, logos etc. I could not be as creative because of limitations of copyright. I feel this 100% can be transcribed in software industry
Free-software license
The dangers of deepfake technology is probably the biggest topic I encountered today, This is because of the future implications of people or governments abusing this technology to try and decieve the public. An example of this would to have a deepfake of a political rival doing something nefarious and using that to smear there image. Also, in a simpler way it could be used to damage popular stars image. A recent example of this would be Taylor Swift.
the idea that there are debates about changing the names of technologies in order to better represent what those technologies are capable of, good and bad.
I realized that I was more in favour of open-source software over proprietary software.
Intellectual Property, Software licences, patients.
the importance of word choice for a positive or negative affect, helps convey a perspective on the topic
We talked about the different kinds of patents and discussed which ones are better for certain situations.
Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryption
We saw topics about software license, encryption
An important concept I learnt today is about encryption
Everything
No
We went more in depth with encryption and the case studies
Encryption
I think there was nothing importanat I did encounter today.
The important part was podcast on deepFakes, concern of digital forgery etc.
About the computer software and patent
Today we learned about software patents.
The use of AI to create sexualy explicit images is a new way that sexual abuse can be taken place. This deep fake tech is how it is being used on famous celebrities.
Today in class we discussed about the podcast on deep fakes and talked about important assignments submission and parts
Today we discussed about the podcast on deepfakes, the concerns of digital forgery, the assignment dates and password managers
I learned about password managers today. I always thought you had to just memorize or write down your passwords in some sort of note format. Knowing this now, I will definitely start using one and use more secure passwords.
About software patents
nothing important concept today
i learned about patent.
I got to know more about encryption
Software patents
Today we were introduced to several important concepts. Firstly, we given a glimpse of digital forgery and the harm that it inflicts on people, but especially women. Then we went over the precautions we should take regarding passwords and password managers. We also had a discussion about software patents with our classwork groups which we posted about on our blog.
Software Patents are still an open issue
The concept of digital forgery
Comparison between free and open source file
software patents
About assigbment
No
Security
the use of ai for deception
I learned the important concept of deep fakes and concerns of digital forgery
I learned about encryption sites I haven’t heard of today.
Key encryption was the most interesting for me
Today I encountered the concept Diffie–Hellman key exchange and digital forgery. The key exchange is a mathematical method that lets 2 people securely exchange cryptographic keys over a public channel without doing it directly.
The concerns of digital forgery
The impact that deepfakes and digital forgery has on people, and also what some believe to be real or faje
I learned the existence of software licenses / copyright / patents.
Concerns on digital forgery and talked about password managers
Comparison of free and open-source licenses and Public key encryption
Software patent are still an open issue: Not grated just for automating a task otherwise done by people, Must have some new elements that is the invention, Not just the code, but the lager packages.
The heavy importance of encryption
learning about the podcast and its content
.
Today ,I discovered essential concepts such as software patent, types of patents,etc.
Encryption and the privatization of user data. Also Software patents and whether to consider the ethical and financial side of patenting software (i.e. proprietization or open source)
I got to know about different topics like comparison of free and open sources, public key encryption etc.
Today we discussed about Assignments and other stuff.
Today’s lecture was extraordinary.. we learned good things…
Administration
We learn about the concerns behind digital forgery and password manager.
the important concept was software patents
I learnt about digital forgery
the comaprison of free and open source software licences and their permissions
deepfakes and digital forgery
Free and open source license
An important concept that I learned today was the emphasis on making safety for deepfakes. In all honesty the thought of deepfakes and how common it is for it to be sexually abused scares me. I want to find out the progression of minimizing it if there is any significant progression on the software engineering side apart from the bills that are being raised in question for it.
Important concept of ethical values is the need for the future
today we learn about the softwares and their licensing
The use of deepfake ai being used to hurt/damage a person’s reputation.
Comparison between free and open source lisences`
Whats in a name
Public channel
encryption
Comparison of free and open source licences
Today we learned to free and open source software licence and also discussed about Diffie- Hellman key exchange method.
I learned about the concerns behind deepfakes (digital forgery), as well as software patents.
Concept about whether software patents are important or not .
One important concept I encountered today was the idea of software patents and how it still remains an open issue. They are not granted just for automating a task otherwise done by people, and they must have some new element that is the invention.
What I learned is that how dangerous digital forgery can be and how it impacts the victim of it. Digital forgery, which is deep fake, can bring so much harm to an individual. It can take someone's face without their permission and use it to make sexual contents.
The term "revenge porn", also referred to as "non-consensual pornography" or "image-based sexual abuse", was introduced to me today. The publication of sexually graphic images or films of someone without that person's consent is known as revenge porn. The phrase refers to a specific situation wherein private images are posted online with the intention of harassing and dehumanizing an ex-partner, but it is also frequently used incorrectly to refer to any kind of non-consensual pornography.
digital forgery concept is very intriguing.
Talked about the Podcast on Deepfakes, concerns of digital Forgery, password managers
about software license
SIFT

Was there anything today that was difficult to understand?

No, class was informative.
No
not really
Since software is already protected through copyright, would having softwares patents be an overkill? And patent could kill competitions since competitors can develop a different code that produces the same result and still be under the copyright law.
Everything was good
no
It was understandable
No
Little bit encryption
More clarification about freedom of speech issues and utility of software would be great
No
Comparison of free and open-source licenses
no
There were few things where I got lost during the podcast
No
no, The explanations and instructions provided were quite straightforward, and I didn't encounter any concepts or tasks that were overly complex or confusing.
No
No
nope
N/a
no
not particularly hard to understand per say but how it’s possible to coin a piece of code because if that’s the case then other pieces of code can be claimed and it’s a slippery slope
No
Infographic
No
Not really
No
No, not really
No.
No
Not at all
the concept were explanatory
no
No
none
AS far I I know I found comparison of free and open source licences bit difficult to understand but still I have to read more about it so that I get to learn more
it was difficult to understand if software patents are a good or bad thing
what is Public key
No not really.
What is patenting?
It was difficult to read the notes but I appretiate them being posted on the website later.
No
There was nothing difficult to understand today
No
Nothing
NO
None
About infographic
No
No
There was nothing difficult to understand.
No, everything was easy.
The topic of deep fake videos and images
Nope
Not much difficult
No
Nothing was difficult to understand today.
Why would it not be possible for us to be the ones to create what's available online?
no
nope there was nothing difficult today
no everything was clear
No really
No we just discussed
No, everything was clear.
NO
No there was nothing difficult
No
no
No
No
No
no not really
It was difficult to understand why some people needed password managers as I often keep a set of passwords written down on one of my notebooks.
Not today.
Not much
It was difficult to read the board today as the writting was a bit smaller than usual
No
Nothing really
Today's lecture was a little tough to follow along with because I did not know the significance of licences or patents.
No
nope
There was nothing to be difficult to understand
The lecture was clear and concise
no
No
Difference between deep fake and digital forgery was difficult to understand.
I don't think there was anything hard to understand.
No
NOT AT ALL
Not really
Yes, just about the public key encryption
nope, everything went good
No
Nothing at all
well your voice was bit low apart from that everything was good
no
Nope
N/A
Nothing was difficult to understand in today class
Nothing
No
Public key encription
No
No
no
No
No everything was good.
Nope, everything was clear in today's lecture.
No
Nope, I was able to understand everything that happened in class today.
Not really
Addition to the first question: It has been observed that those affected by this experience (image-based sexual abuse) feelings of public humiliation, helplessness, intimate connection difficulties, difficulty forming new relationships, and negative consequences on their mental health.
No. Everything was clear.
No
If we can get more information about the infographic assignment, that would help us start the assignment
no
No

Was there anything today about which you would like to know more?

I would like to know more about password manager.
I’d like to know more about how software companies can still be profitable and keep business operations going if their software is open source
i would like to know more about Public key encryption
Since there are different rules and decision based on jurisdiction for software patents, is there organizations or comunities that handles or address such issues? What are being done to generalize the patent rules and requirements so its consistent in every jurisdictions.
Open Source licenses
no
I will like to know more about software patents
No
Encryption
Free software licenses and open source software
I would like to know about device encryption and a better way securing myself from digital forgery.
Concerns on what is relevant and what is not in digital forgery
What ways should we as programmers be cautious when using different software patents. Its clear that patents can be exploited, but how in the tech world? I would be interested to see more examples of this.
Everything was understandable to me
digital forger
Is it bad to have a software patient?
No
Understanding encryption better. While I have a basic understanding of how it works to secure data, I'd like to delve deeper into the various encryption methods, their applications, and the latest advancements in encryption technology
Public key encryption
I'd like to learn more about open source software since I use it a lot when working on CTCH projects and I like contributing to the open source community
More about patents if we learn more about them
nope
What are the things that are gonna be coming in our midterm
no
code patents
No
Software patents
Yeah more about the error breach.
Public key encryption
I would like to know more about the digital forgery
I think I gained adequate information from today's class
I would like to know more about what happens to the abuser when and if they get caught.
I would like to know more about what is being done in the law around this new concept of digital forgery.
I would like to know more about the most common types of encryption that are available and what are more benefits of having a password manager.
Encryption
For now, no
I would love to know more about the concepts
I would like to talk more about copyright, especially to get more perspectives on it. While I am pretty anti-copyright in a lot of cases (long live the unlicense), I think it would be valuable to get some extra opinions! Finding the balance between collective good and reward for individual labour would be a very insightful experience.
no
No
none
I would really like to learn more about the encryption and get more detail regarding it
To understand more about software patents
More about Free-software license
We didnt really get to into detail on how to spot these deepfakes so further information would be piontless and beating a dead horse.
How apache works
More information on the pros and cons of open-source software.
No
I would like to know more about what needs to be completed in the assignments in part 1
Software patents, benefits and drawbacks, open-source vs proprietary
None
NO
None
No
About the class material
About software license
The thing I like to know more is about assignments.
About smart speaker and smart listener.
Concept of data farming and data mining
Nope
What concepts will be asked in midterms and from where to find the materials
NO
We talked about software patents and someone mentioned that ideally only individuals should be able to have patents not companies which I thought was a really interesting perspective and i would like to learn more about if that could ever be work in the real world.
I would like to know more about specific licenses and their value.
About the same
nope
not really
More related to encryption
Yes I would like to know more about security features
I am just excited for the content coming up in class!
NO
Digital forgery
NO
more about AI and work oppertunity
No i think not today
No
No
yes... revenge p*rn
I would like to know more about the impacts of deepfakes and their role in our evolving and everchanging technology
No, we learned enough today
I will make sure to research the difference as I found that interesting
I would like a summarization / recall of today's lecture in the next lecture if possible
Deep fakes
More information on what the midterm covers
After this lecture I am interested in learning more about patents, licences, and forming my decision of whether patenting for software is a good idea or not.
I had no idea that copyleft was an actual thing. I think that's so funny
No
nothing more, satisfied
I want to know more about the midterm
How to take what we've learned into other contexts of cybersecurity
intellectual property
No
I would like to know more about different types of patents of software in detail, digital foregery, how can we recognize deepfake.
Wondering about how deepfakes can be avoided. every technology will come with a pro's and cons
I would like to know more about public key encryption.
No
I don’t think so all things which prof taught was sufficient for us.
No I just need to look more into the concept
public key encryption and about the assignments for sure, how can we divide our professional skill assessment in two parts. I mean what to submit in part 1 and part 2??
I would like to know more about digital forgery
nope, i understood all the points correctly
No
I would like to know more about software patent
no everthing was fine and clear to me
no
Nope
I want to learn more about the development of deepfakes and how AI works to make it so realistic.
Everything about cs i
Not much
I would like to know if there are ways to identify deepfakes like in a court case where a deepfake could be used to fake evidence
Encryption
Intellectual property +privacy
About public channel
nothing particular
No
I would like to know more about digital forgery
No thank you!
I would like to know about other group's perspective on the group discussion question, and whether we have the same opinion or not.
I would like to know more about digital forgery
I would like to learn more about the risks/benefits of patents and continue the discussion of whether or not they should be implemented.
I would like to know how can we protect ourselves to not end up in these kind of situations
I am a bit confused about the pre-meeting quiz since Dr. Frank referred to "revenge porn" as both "non-consensual pornography" or "image-based sexual abuse". Would the answer non-consensual pornography be an acceptable answer?
open-source software licenses.
Want to know if the password managers that comes with browers are really safe or secure?
why we need to purchase website if we need to start a new brand.
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